The world’s largest capital cities are experiencing significantly hotter days, with an increase of 25% annually compared to the 1990s. An analysis by the International Institute for Environmental Development (IIED) revealed that the average number of days exceeding 35°C rose from 1,062 (1994-2003) to 1,335 (2015-2024) in 43 major cities. Cities like Rome and Beijing have seen their hot days double, while Manila’s have tripled. The increasing temperatures are attributed to global warming from fossil fuel emissions, which have intensified heat waves and contributed to millions of early deaths, primarily affecting vulnerable populations.
Experts warn that adaptation measures are lagging as governments respond inadequately to the escalating crisis. Climate change is particularly harsh on low-income communities worldwide. Despite calls for a 45% reduction in emissions by 2030 to maintain pre-Paris Agreement temperature goals, fossil fuel emissions continue to rise. In 2024, record high temperatures were recorded globally, exacerbating health crises.
Cities are also grappling with “climate whiplash,” swinging between extreme weather patterns. Initiatives are being launched to address these challenges, including the Global Centre’s “heat turned on” campaign to establish cooling solutions. However, current government efforts in various regions, like the UK, face criticism for being insufficient. Immediate action is required to enhance building insulation, develop effective heat plans, and create shaded areas to protect urban populations.
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