In 2021, National Geographic officially recognized the Southern Ocean as the fifth ocean, concluding a long-standing debate about its status alongside the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic oceans. Unlike the others, which are defined by land boundaries, the Southern Ocean is characterized by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), established 34 million years ago, circling Antarctica at latitude 60 degrees south.
While the U.S. Geographical Name Committee acknowledged the Southern Ocean in 1999, an international agreement has yet to be reached. Despite this, NOAA has recognized it since February 2021. This recognition marks a shift in tradition for National Geographic, aiming to raise awareness of the unique ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and promote conservation efforts.
The future of the Southern Ocean remains uncertain, particularly due to climate change impacting Antarctic waters and ice sheets. The hope is that the newly recognized ocean will gain significance before facing further environmental challenges.
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