About 600 million years ago, Earth’s magnetic field weakened significantly, nearly losing its protective role. This coincided with a surge in atmospheric and oceanic oxygen, facilitating the evolution of complex life. Recent studies, using ancient crystals, indicate that the magnetic field was about 30 times weaker than today, a state that persisted for at least 26 million years.
Researchers from the University of Rochester analyzed pyroxene and gabbro crystals, discovering that during this time, the solar wind impacted the atmosphere more directly, stripping away lighter gases like hydrogen and leaving heavier gases such as oxygen. This change likely supported the rise of multicellular organisms.
While some geologists agree that the decline in magnetic strength aided oxygenation, others remain skeptical about its influence on evolution, citing various other contributing factors. Overall, the research suggests a link between the weakened magnetic field, increased oxygen levels, and the emergence of diverse life forms during the Ediacaran period, providing insights into planetary and biospheric interactions.
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