As the world shut down during the coronavirus pandemic, scientists anticipated reduced pollutants like nitrogen dioxide and methane. Surprisingly, methane levels surged instead, reaching the highest atmospheric concentrations since measurements began in the 1980s, according to the European Space Agency (ESA).
A study published in Science.org attributed this increase, termed the "air pollution paradox," to a decline in air pollutants, which resulted in fewer hydroxyl radicals—essential for breaking down methane. Philippe Sier, a researcher involved in the study, explained that with lower pollution, methane can persist longer in the atmosphere.
ESA also noted that around 80% of the methane surge is due to reduced hydroxyl radicals, while the remainder stems from natural methane production, particularly in wetter conditions associated with La Niña, which has increased methane emissions from wetlands and livestock.
The findings emphasize the necessity of using satellite data to better understand atmospheric processes. Researchers are also advocating for global methane reduction efforts, exemplified by the Global Methane Pledge, aiming to cut methane emissions by 30% by 2030. The interplay between pollution levels and climate change dynamics is becoming increasingly critical in addressing these environmental challenges.
